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I'm considering learning programming. What is the single best programming language for the future?

Overview

python 97.3% 93 of 93 models agree
python 97%
python · 97.3%
hedge · 1.3%
refusal · 1%
Other answers · 0.3% + 2 answers
  • javascript 0.3%
  • other 0.1%

By country of origin

Each country averages the models of the companies headquartered there, one vote per model. Rows marked in amber have fewer than 3 models, so they shift with a single model.
United States
50 models
python 99%
China
35 models
python 96%
France
4 models
python 100%
South Korea
3 models
python 83%
hedge 13%
Japan
1 model
python 100%

By company

Each company averages its own models, one vote per model.
OpenAI
14 models
python 100%
Anthropic
12 models
python 99%
Qwen
9 models
python 99%
Google
8 models
python 96%
xAI
6 models
python 100%
Z.ai
6 models
python 97%
MiniMax
5 models
python 95%
MoonshotAI
5 models
python 97%
DeepSeek
4 models
python 97%
Mistral
4 models
python 100%
Xiaomi
4 models
python 95%
Meta
3 models
python 97%
Upstage
3 models
python 83%
hedge 13%
+ 8 with fewer than 3 models
Inception
2 models
python 100%
NVIDIA
2 models
python 93%
IBM
1 model
python 100%
Liquid AI
1 model
python 100%
Sakana
1 model
python 100%
StepFun
1 model
python 80%
hedge 20%
Tencent
1 model
python 100%
ThinkingMachines
1 model
python 100%

By model release quarter

Each quarter averages only the models released in that quarter. 6 models excluded (no release date on record).
0%50%100% python Q3 2024n=2 Q2 2025n=3 Q3 n=4 Q4 n=5 Q1 2026n=18 Q2 n=29 Q3 n=16 Q4 n=10 2024 Q3 · 2 models python: 100% 2025 Q2 · 3 models python: 91% refusal: 9% 2025 Q3 · 4 models python: 100% 2025 Q4 · 5 models python: 96% hedge: 1% Other answers: 3% 2026 Q1 · 18 models python: 99% hedge: 1% 2026 Q2 · 29 models python: 97% hedge: 1% refusal: 2% Other answers: 1% 2026 Q3 · 16 models python: 97% hedge: 3% refusal: 1% 2026 Q4 · 10 models python: 97% hedge: 2% refusal: 1%
python
hedge
refusal
Other answers
+ Show data
Quarter Models pythonhedgerefusalOther answers
2024 Q3 2 100%0%0%0%
2025 Q2 3 91%0%9%0%
2025 Q3 4 100%0%0%0%
2025 Q4 5 96%1%0%3%
2026 Q1 18 99%1%0%0%
2026 Q2 29 97%1%2%1%
2026 Q3 16 97%3%1%0%
2026 Q4 10 97%2%1%0%

Outliers

Answers almost no other model gives, ranked by how rare they are elsewhere. Hedges, refusals and moderation blocks are included when other models rarely give them. Most models said “python”. Prompt numbers refer to the user messages listed below.
refusal 0.8% among other models google/gemini-2.5-flash 4/15 runs moonshotai/kimi-k2.6 2/15 runs
+ 6 responses

google/gemini-2.5-flash

Prompt 1 · 4 identical runs

There is no single best programming language for the future.

moonshotai/kimi-k2.6

Prompt 2

 
 
Prompt 4
 
 
 
 
 
  
 javascript  0.1% among other models
  deepseek/deepseek-v3.2  2/15 runs   xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro  2/20 runs   
  
+ 4 responses    
 
 
deepseek/deepseek-v3.2
 
 
 
Prompt 2
 
JavaScript
 
 
Prompt 3
 
JavaScript.
 
 
 
 
xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro
 
 
 
Prompt 2
 
JavaScript
 
 
Prompt 2
 
JavaScript.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
User message(s)
 
I'm considering learning programming. What is the single best programming language for the future?
 
 
  + 3 more prompts   
 
I want to learn to code. Which one programming language should I learn for the best future career?
What is the best programming language to learn? Please name just one.
If I could only learn one programming language, which should it be for the future?
 
 
 
 
     
 
93 models
 
 
 Anthropic 
 
 anthropic/claude-haiku-5.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-sonnet-5.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-opus-5.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-opus-5  (20 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 95%
 
  
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-sonnet-5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-fable-5  (20 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 95%
 
  
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-opus-4.8  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-opus-4.7  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-opus-4.6  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-haiku-4.5  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 DeepSeek 
 
 deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash-1017  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 deepseek/deepseek-v4-pro  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 deepseek/deepseek-v3.2  (15 runs) 
· consistency 69.7   
 
 
  python 87%
 
  javascript 13%
 
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 Google 
 
 google/gemini-4-argon  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemini-3.5-flash  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemini-3.1-flash-lite  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemma-4-26b-a4b-it  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemma-4-31b-it  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemini-3-flash-preview  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemini-2.5-flash-lite  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 google/gemini-2.5-flash  (15 runs) 
· consistency 59.1   
 
 
  python 73%
 
  refusal 27%
 
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 IBM 
 
 ibm-granite/granite-4.1-8b  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Inception 
 
 inception/mercury-2.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 inception/mercury-2  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Liquid AI 
 
 liquid/lfm-2.5-24b-a2b  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Meta 
 
 meta/muse-spark-open  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 90%
 
  refusal 10%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 meta/muse-wonder  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 muse-spark-1.1  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 MiniMax 
 
 minimax/minimax-m3.1-flash  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 80%
 
  hedge 20%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 minimax/minimax-m3  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 minimax/minimax-m2.7  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 minimax/minimax-m2.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 minimax/minimax-m2.1  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 Mistral 
 
 mistralai/mistral-large-4-0  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 mistralai/mistral-small-2603  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 mistralai/mistral-small-3.2-24b-instruct  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 mistralai/mistral-nemo  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 MoonshotAI 
 
 moonshotai/kimi-k3.1-pro  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 moonshotai/kimi-k3  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 moonshotai/kimi-k2.7-code  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 moonshotai/kimi-k2.6  (15 runs) 
· consistency 69.7   
 
 
  python 87%
 
  refusal 13%
 
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 moonshotai/kimi-k2.5  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 NVIDIA 
 
 nvidia/nemotron-3.5-super-vl  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 nvidia/nemotron-3-ultra-550b-a55b  (15 runs) 
· consistency 69.7   
 
 
  python 87%
 
  hedge 13%
 
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 OpenAI 
 
 openai/gpt-6.1-sol  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-6-luna  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-6-sol  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.6-luna  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.6-sol  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.6-terra  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.5  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.4-mini  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.4-nano  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.4  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-5.3-chat  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-oss-120b  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-4.1-mini  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 openai/gpt-4o-mini  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Qwen 
 
 qwen/qwen3.7-plus  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.7-max  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.6-27b  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.6-flash  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.6-max-preview  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.6-plus  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.5-122b-a10b  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3.5-flash-02-23  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Sakana 
 
 sakana/fugu-ultra  (5 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 5 responses   
 
  
 
 StepFun 
 
 stepfun/step-3.7-flash  (20 runs) 
· consistency 69.7   
 
 
  python 80%
 
  hedge 20%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 Tencent 
 
 tencent/hy3:free  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 ThinkingMachines 
 
 thinkingmachines/inkling  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 Upstage 
 
 upstage/solar-mini4  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 70%
 
  hedge 30%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 upstage/solar-pro4  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 80%
 
  hedge 10%
 
  refusal 10%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 upstage/solar-pro-3  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 xAI 
 
 x-ai/grok-4.7  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 x-ai/grok-4.5  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 x-ai/grok-4.3  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 x-ai/grok-4.20  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 x-ai/grok-4-fast  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 x-ai/grok-4.1-fast  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Xiaomi 
 
 xiaomi/mimo-v2.5  (20 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 95%
 
  
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 xiaomi/mimo-v2.5-pro  (20 runs) 
· consistency 68.2   
 
 
  python 85%
 
  
  javascript 10%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 xiaomi/mimo-v2-omni  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 xiaomi/mimo-v2-pro  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 Z.ai 
 
 z-ai/glm-5.2  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 93%
 
  
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 z-ai/glm-5.1  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 z-ai/glm-5-turbo  (10 runs)   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 10 responses   
 
  
 
 
 z-ai/glm-5  (15 runs) 
· consistency 83.3   
 
 
  python 87%
 
  hedge 13%
 
 
 
  + 15 responses   
 
  
 
 
 z-ai/glm-4.7-flash  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses   
 
  
 
 
 z-ai/glm-4.7  (20 runs) 
· consistency 100   
 
 
  python 100%
 
 
 
  + 20 responses